Effects of an Interpersonal Relationship Harmony Program on Nursing Students / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an interpersonal relationship harmony program and to investigate the effect of interpersonal relationship harmony program on interpersonal relations, conflict resolution methods, interpersonal anxiety, salivary cortisol level for nursing students. METHODS: The 8-week interpersonal relationship harmony program was developed based on interpersonal relationship harmony theory. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated using a quasi-experimental design. The participants were 58 third-year nursing students, 29 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. Data were collected from July 5, 2014 to August 25, 2014 and analyzed through t-test. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significantly higher post-test scores in interpersonal relationship harmony, interpersonal relationship ability, active conflict mitigation and significantly lower post-test scores in active conflict intensification, interpersonal relationship anxiety than those of the control group. CONCLUSION: The interpersonal relationship harmony program improved nursing students' interpersonal skills and conflict resolution methods and reduced interpersonal relationship anxiety through an integrated approach that covered the cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physical aspects of harmony.

Analysis of Experimental Researches in Korea on the Effects of Aromatherapy to Relieve Pain / 한국호스피스완화의료학회지

PURPOSE: This study identifies research trends and provides fundamental data related to curative power of aromatherapy to relieve pain in Korea. METHODS: The study analyzed 44 experimental studies on humans that were published in Korea before the end of December, 2009. The key words used for searching were: aroma, aromatherapy, hyang-yobeob, hyanggi-yobeob, hyanggichilyo, aromatherapy and pain, headache, scapulodynia, omodynia, feeling uncomfortable in the perineal region, sense of pain, labor pains, arm pain, menstrual pain, aches, and dysmenorrheal. Those words were found on websites, including those for Korea Education & Research Information Service, the National Assembly Library, KISS, KoreaMed, and NDSL. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The results showed that most of essential oils to relieve pain is composed of three to four kinds of oils, including Lavender, Roman chamomile, Rosemary, and Clarysage. Aromatherapy is applied usually by means of massage (50%), inhalation (13.6%), or a combination of the above two (13.6%). Measuring instruments as a dependent variable include VAS, questionnaire, GRS, blood pressure, pulse, and Algometer. Aromatherapy plays an important role in soothing headaches and arthralgia. However, when it comes to labor and menstrual pain, it doesn't seem to be effective. CONCLUSION: The study found that different kinds of oil, frequencies, and periods of time are used for the same symptoms. Further research should employ standardized oil blending, application, duration, and measuring instruments, and more systematically analyze the effects of aromatherapy to establish the effects on relieving pain.